Sociology Class 12 English

  CBSE Class 12 Sociology Revision Notes Chapter-1 Introducing Indian Society Facts that Matter Prior knowledge or familiarity with society is both an advantage and a disadvantage for sociology, the discipline that studies society. The advantage is that students are generally not afraid of Sociology-they feel that it can't be a very hard subject to learn. The disadvantage is that this prior knowledge can be a problem. In order to learn Sociology, we need to "unlearn" what we already know about society. Sociology offers to teach us how to see the world from many vantage points - not just our own, but also that of others unlike ourselves. Understanding Indian society and its structure provides a sort of social map on which you could locate yourself, like with a geographical map, locating oneself on a social map. Sociology can do more than simply help to locate you or others in this simple sense of describing the places of different social groups. Sociology can help to map t...

  CBSE Class 11 Sociology NCERT Solutions Chapter 1 Sociology and Society 1. Why is the study of the origin and growth of sociology important? Ans.  It is relevant to understand the origin and growth of sociology because: Issues and concerns raised in sociology developed during the rapid changes that occurred in European societies in the 18th and 19th centuries. Capitalism and industrialisation undermined the old settled order and gave rise to many issues like urbanisation or factory production which are pertinent to all modern societies in varied form. The global impact of capitalism has been seen as the cause of uneven transformation of societies. Sociology emerged as a subject after the French Revolution of 1789. The French Revolution brought about a tremendous socio-political change in society, leading to disruption of family life and other social relations. The transformation in Indian society from past to present is linked to the history of British capitalism or colonial...

  CBSE Class 12 Sociology Revision Notes Chapter-2 Demographic Structure and Indian Society Facts that Matter Demography  is the systematic study of the population of a country, area, community, etc. The term is of Greek origin and is composed of the two words, demos (people) and graphein (describe). Demography studies the trends and processes associated with population including – changes in population size; patterns of births, deaths, and migration; and the structure and composition of the population, such as the relative proportions of women, men and different age groups. There are two types of demography: Formal Demography:  statistical analysis of population i.e., total population, number of males, number of females, number of youth, working population, rural urban (quantitative data) Social Demography:  birth rate, death rate and migration that happens in a particular society. All demographic studies are based on processes of counting or enumeration – such as t...

  CBSE Class 12 Sociology NCERT Solutions Chapter-2 The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 1. Explain the basic argument of the theory of the demographic transition. Why is the transition period associated with a 'population explosion'? Ans.  Theory of demographic transition suggests that population growth in linked to overall levels of economic development and that every society follows a typical pattern of development related population growth. There are three basic phases of population growth: Stage I : Primitive Stage [Underdeveloped countries] Low population growth in a society that is underdeveloped and technologically backward. In such societies like Africa birth rate is high since people are unaware of the advantages of having small families, they are not educated. Death rate is also high since health and medical facilities are not available, therefore population is low. Stage II:  [Developing countries]. The birth rate and death rate rank very high, the ...

  CBSE Class-12 Sociology Test Paper-01 Part-1(Ch-02 Demographic structure of Indian society) General Instruction: Question 1-5 carries two marks each Question 6-8 carries four marks each Question 9-10 carries six marks each. Define the term demography. What do higher rates of infant and maternal mortality indicate? What do you mean by ageing of the population? Why had the birth rate not registered a sharp fall unlike the death rate? What is dependency ratio? Why is demographic data important? A rising dependency ratio is a cause for worry and a falling dependency ratio can be a source of economic growth and prosperity. Explain. What are the several factors responsible for the decline in the child sex ratio? Malthusian theory of population growth. How does the changing age structure offer a ‘demographic dividend’ for India? CBSE Class-12 Sociology Test Paper-01 Part-1(Ch-02 Demographic structure of Indian society) Demography is the systematic study of population. The term is of Gre...

  CBSE Class 12 Sociology Revision Notes Chapter-3 Social Institutions: Continuity and Change Facts that Matter I. Caste The term is derived from the Portuguese word 'casta' which means pure breed. In other words it also means a group/community of people. The word refers to a broad institutional arrangement that in Indian languages (beginning with the ancient Sanskrit) is referred to by two distinct terms, varna and jati.   Caste   Varna (1) Closed system (1) Open system (2) Post vedic period (2) Vedic Period (3) 3000 castes and sub castes (3) Four Varnas (4) No social mobility (4) Social mobility present (5) Very rigid (5) Not rigid Varna , literally ‘colour’, is the name given to a four-fold division of society into brahmana, kshatriya, vaishya and shudra, though this excludes a significant section of the population composed of the ‘outcastes’, foreigners, slaves, conquered peoples and others, sometimes referred to as the panchamas or fifth category. Jati  is a gen...